White Papers
Cobalt
Cobalt Processing
- Introduction
- Sediment-hosted Stratiform Cu-Co Deposits
- Ni-Co Laterites
- Ni-Sulfide Deposits
- ANZAPLAN's Experience
Graphite
Spherical Graphite
- Introduction
- Lithium Ion Batteries
- Spherical Graphite
- Anzaplan Services
Graphite Processing
- Pre-processing
- Physical Processing
- Chemical and Thermal Processing
- Refinement
- Anzaplan Services
High Purity Quartz
Evaluation of High Purity Quartz Resources: High Purity Quartz Processing
- Introduction
- Pre-processing
- Physical Processing
- Chemical & Thermal Processing
- ANZAPLAN Services
Economic Potential of Pegmatites
- Introduction
- Types of Rare-Element Pegmatites
- Economic Aspects
- ANZAPLAN Services
Industrial Minerals
SwerF: Size-Weighted Respirable Fraction
- Basics
- Definitions
- Goal
- Approach
- Conclusions
Economic Potential of Pegmatites
- Introduction
- Types of Rare-Element Pegmatites
- Economic Aspects
- ANZAPLAN Services
Lithium
Different Production Routes to Lithium Hydroxide
- Introduction
- Standard Lithium Hydroxide Production
- Principle of Membrane Electrolysis
- Impurity Removal
- Alternative Lithium Sources
- Membrane Electrolysis from Li2SO4 Liquor
- Crystallization Subsequent to Electrolysis
Economic Potential of Pegmatites
- Introduction
- Types of Rare-Element Pegmatites
- Economic Aspects
- ANZAPLAN Services
Evaluation of Lithium Minerals by Rietveld Refinement
- Introduction
- Standard Analysis
- Rietveld Analysis
- Summary
Recovery of Lithium from Mica
- Introduction
- Decomposition
- Purification of the leach
Conversion of Spodumene to Lithium Chemicals
- Input material and Calcination
- Leaching
- Refinement
- ANZAPLAN services
Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE)
- Introduction Salars
- Geothermal Brines
- Oilfield Brines
- Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE)
- ANZAPLAN’s Experience
Lithium Phosphate in Lithium Processing
- Introduction
- Low Grade Lithium Sources
- Tailored Processing
- Intermediate or final Product
- New Process Options
- Advantages in a Nutshell
- ANZAPLAN’s Experience
Niobium and Tantalum
Hydrometallurgy of Nb/Ta ores
- Introduction
- Decomposition of Nb/Ta ores
- Separation of Nb/Ta
Economic Potential of Pegmatites
- Introduction
- Types of Rare-Element Pegmatites
- Economic Aspects
- ANZAPLAN Services
Rare Earth Minerals
Extraction of rare earths from bastnaesite
- Introduction
- HCl Decomposition
- Acid Baking
- Caustic Cracking
REE-Extraction from Phosphate minerals
- Introduction
- Monazite
- Xenotime
- Apatite
Eudialyte processing
- Introduction
- Grain size distribution
- Benefits of physical beneficiation
- Physical beneficiation process
- ANZAPLAN Services
Vanadium
Vanadium
- Occurrence and Production
- Deposit types
- Markets
- ANZAPLAN's experience
Vanadium Processing
- Vanadium recovery processes
- Physical processing
- Hydrometallurgical processing
- Vanadium pentoxide refinement
- Ferrovanadium
- ANZAPLAN Services
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